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Objective:To study the predictive value of the amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) within 6 hours and 3 days after birth and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) on the adverse neurobehavioral development of asphyxiated preterm infants at the correction age of 6 months.Methods:From December 2017 to June 2019, 50 asphyxiated preterm infants who were delivered at the obstetrical department transferred to the division of neonatology in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were monitored by aEEG within 6 hours after birth, then once a day for at least 4 h. MRI was administered at 40 weeks of corrected age, neuromotor developmental function of the infants was assessed by the Geisel developmental diagnostic scale at 6 months of corrected age, then the infants were divided into good prognosis group and poor prognosis group according to the assessment results. SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis.The software of SPSS 19.0 was used to analyze the data.Independent sample t-test and χ 2 test were used to analyze the difference between the two groups.The relationship between aEEG grading and MRI, and their predictive value for adverse neurobehavioral development were analyzed at 6 months of corrected age. Results:The degree of white matter damage( H=24.896) and intracranical hemorrhage( H=29.245) of premature infants with different aEEG clinical grades were different (both P<0.01) on MRI. The sensitivity of aEEG within 6 hours and 3 days after birth on predicting poor prognosis was 96.2% and 97.8%, the specificity was 56.2% and 62.5%, the negative predictive value was 98.2% and 99.0%, the positive predictive value was 37.8% and 52.3%, the correct index was 52.4% and 60.3%, respectively. The aEEG was combined with MRI, the sensitivity (90.0%, 97.0%), specificity (89.0%, 99.0%), negative predictive value (99.2%, 99.5%), positive predictive value (80.6%, 88.5%), and correct index (79%, 96%) were all improved. Conclusion:The combination of aEEG grading and MRI can improve the prognostic value on neurodevelopmental prognosis, and provide a better evaluation basis for clinical follow-up and intervention of asphyxiated premature infants with brain injury.
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Objective@#To investigate the impact of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) on brain development in neonatal rats of different sexes.@*Methods@#From January 1 to December 31, 2018, 60 7-day-old SD rats were randomly divided into HIBI-F group (20 rats), HIBI-M group (20 rats), and control group (20 rats, 10 females and 10 males). The animal model of HIBI was established with Rice-Vannucci method, with the rats′ left common carotid artery double-ligated and severed. The rats were then placed in an incubator and exposed to a hypoxic gas mixture (8% O2, 92% N2) for 90 minutes. No intervention was given to the control group. Two weeks after HIBI, the motor development was evaluated by footprint analysis, the residual brain volume was measured by brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the damage of synaptic ultra structure was analyzed by transmission electron microscope. One-way ANOVA or χ2 test was used for inter-group statistical analysis, and paired sample t test was used to compare the bilateral step length and toe distance of rats in the same group.@*Results@#The mortality rate of HIBI-F was significantly higher than that of HIBI-M (20%(4/20) vs. 10%(2/20), χ2=40.000, P=0.001). The right step length and toe distance in HIBI-M group and HIBI-F group were significantly shorter than those in control group ((7.5±0.3) cm and (7.9±0.5) cm vs. (8.2±0.5) cm, F=9.605, P<0.01, (0.9±0.1) cm and (1.0±0.0) cm vs. (1.1±0.1) cm, F=71.437, P<0.01). Besides, according to above data, the right step length and toe distance in HIBI-M group were significantly shorter than those in the HIBI-F group (both P<0.01). Furthermore, the right step length was significantly shorter than the left step length ((8.3±0.4) and (8.3±0.5) cm, t=5.289 and 10.580, P=0.001 and 0.010, respectively) and toe distance ((1.1±0.1) and (1.1±0.1) cm, t=7.953 and 6.435, respectively, both P<0.01) in both HIBI-M group and HIBI-F group. Similarly, the synaptic gap of the left precentral gyrus neurons was longer in HIBI-M group and HIBI-F group than that in control group ((23.4±1.3) and (19.7±1.6) nm vs. (18.9±0.6) nm, F=71.719, P<0.01), and also longer in HIBI-M group than that in HIBI-F group (t=7.645, P<0.01). Likewise, the residual brain volume in HIBI-M group and HIBI-F group was significantly less than that in control group ((67±4)% and (75±5)% vs. 100%, F=406.122, P<0.01), and the residual brain volume in HIBI-M group was significantly less than that in HIBI-F group (t=-5.281, P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#Male neonatal rats are more vulnerable to HIBI and have severer subsequent brain injury and hemiplegia. Different treatment strategies for HIBI patients of different sexes should be developed.
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Objective To explore the effect of sex difference on learning and memory function and the brain tissue damage of neonatal SD rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.Methods Sixty,7-day-old neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats,were divided into randomly:male control group (M group,n=15),female control group (F group,n=15),male hypoxic-ischemic brain damage group (MHIBD group,n=15) and female hypoxic-ischemic brain damage group (FHIBD group,n=15).A modified newborn rat model that had a combined hypoxic-ischemic brain damage as described by Rice-Vannucci was used.The Morris water maze was used to evaluate the ability of learning and memory.The brain MRI and transmission electron microscope(TEM) was used to evaluate the scope of brain tissue damage and the change of the synaptic ultrastructure.Results There were no differences in swimming distance,escape latency,synaptic cleft and damage brain volume between M group and F group(P＞0.05).Compare with M group and F group,MHIBD group and FHIBD group showed significant brain injury,longer escape latency ((39.38±11.40) s vs (14.86±4.42) s,(30.14±7.18)s vs (18.41±5.03) s),longer swimming distance ((15.31± 1.77) cm vs (3.68±1.50) cm,(13.18±1.79) cm vs (4.61±1.61) cm),and TEM showed the synaptic cleft was widened ((23.18± 1.36) nm vs (19.24± 1.51) nm,(21.40± 1.71) nm vs (19.87±0.94) nm),P＜0.05).MHIBD group was more seriously compromised than the FHIBD group(P＜0.05).The brain MRI showed the damage brain volume of MHIBD group were significantly larger than FHIBD group(P＜0.05).Conclusion After bypoxic ischemic brain damage,the tolerance of brain damage and / or post-injury recovery capabilities of female rats are stronger than males.
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In this work, retinal penetration of fluorescein was achieved in vitro by covalent attachment of taurine to fluorescein, yielding the F-Tau conjugate. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) were used to confirm the successful synthesis of F-Tau. The cellular uptake of F-Tau in adult retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) and human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRMECs) was visualized via confocal scanning microscopy. The results indicated an improvement of solubility and a reduction of logP of F-Tau compared with fluorescein. As compared with fluorescein, F-Tau showed little toxicity, and was retained longer by cells in uptake experiments. F-Tau also displayed higher transepithelial permeabilities than fluorescein in ARPE-19 and hRMECs monolayer cells (P<0.05). These results showed that taurine may be a useful ligand for targeting small-molecule hydrophobic pharmaceuticals into the retina.
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ObjectiveTo study the intelligence quotient(IQ) profile of the children with idiopathic generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCS) and the factors influencing IQ of them.MethodsAll 28 children with GTCS were selected who were aged 9 ～ 16 years in 20 GTCS families in a mountain area of the south of Anhui Province,all available healthy siblings of the children included in the epilepsy group,did not have epilepsy,and were nearest in age to the children with GTCS ( control group 1 ),and thirty children aged 9 ～ 16 years old who had lived in the same village ( control group 2) entered into our study.The IQ was studied of the three groups of children and the factors influencing IQ of children with GTCS at the same time.The data were input SPSS12.0 and analyzed.ResultsThe IQ of children with GTCS(85.64 ±20.57)was lower than that control group 1( 103.39 ± 11.17)and the control group 2 ( 106.17 ± 11.67).The difference between children with GTCS and the two control groups were significant for almost all the subtest quotients except completion of drawing and picture arrangement.No significant differences were found between the control group 1 and the control group 2 on the IQ and the subtest quotients.IQ scores of children with GTCS showed significant linear correlation with father's education( r=0.453,P＜0.01 ),age at onset of epilepsy( r=0.506,P＜0.01 ),duration of seizure disorder( r=-0.533,P＜0.0l ),status epilepticus( r=-0.732,P＜0.01),total number of seizures( r=-0.761,P＜0.01) and seizure frequency ( r=-0.708,P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionThe IQ scores of the children with idiopathic GTCS are lower significantly than general children population.Epilepsy-related variables affecting IQ scores of the children with idiopathic GTCS are duration of seizure disorder,status epilepticus,age at onset of epilepsy,total number of seizures,seizure frequency.
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Cerebral palsy is a major cause of severe chronic disability in children. Experimental models aim to replicate one or more features of cerebral palsy in developing animals. These models are as heterogeneous as the disorder itself, such as timing.and mechanism of injury (stroke, infection, congenital malformation or asphyxia),target of injury (white matter or neurons) or function outcome. This review is to summarize different experimental models in cerebral palsy.
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Objective To explore the differences and development of executive function(EF) between cerebral palsy(CP) children and normal children. Methods Forty-eight 4 ～6 years old CP children and fiftyeight normal children were tested by "cool" and "hot" EFs. Results There were significant differences between "cool" EF of CP children(18.34±14.31) and normal children(6.94 ±3. 18) ( t = 3. 83, P<0.01 ) ;and there were significant differences between "hot" EF of CP children(279.67 ±330. 18) and normal children(709.31 ± 304. 13)( t = -4.93, P< 0.01). There were significant age differences on the "cool" EF ( F=8.689, P< 0.01) and "hot" EF ( F=3. 833, P<0.05) of CP children. There were significant age differences on the "cool" EF ( F= 15.469, P<0.01) and on the "hot" EF ( F=8.470, P<0.01) of normal children. There was negative correlation between "cool" EFs and "hot" EFs( r= -0.440, P<0.01). Conclusion "Cool" and "hot" EFs of CP children are lower than those of normal children. "Cool" and "hot" EFs can develop from 4 to 6 years old,but the development of EFs are not absolutely consistent between CP children and normal children. There is correlation between "cool" and "hot" EFs in patients with CP,but not dissociation.